Defends the idea that Jesus was an actual historical figure and attempts to distinguish the actual man from the Christian God.

Più di duemila anni fa, in Palestina, un predicatore itinerante e sconosciuto, un uomo semplice, diventò agli occhi di molti il Figlio di Dio. Attorno alla sua parola nacque una chiesa destinata ad affermarsi rapidamente e con inaspettata fortuna, e ad acquisire un potere eccezionale: raccolta da narratori orali e seguaci, la sua testimonianza avrebbe raggiunto gli angoli più remoti della Terra. Che l'esistenza di Gesù di Nazaret sia una realtà è un'opinione sostanzialmente condivisa da storici e biblisti, ma a livello globale è diffuso un radicale scetticismo. Dai miticisti, convinti che la figura di Gesù appartenga al mito, ai teorici della cospirazione, che vedono in lui un clamoroso falso, un'invenzione della Chiesa delle origini prima e uno strumento di potere e di controllo sulle masse impugnato dalla Chiesa cattolica poi: i detrattori si rivelano una minoranza ostinata e rumorosa, capace di affermarsi in passato in paesi come l'Unione Sovietica e di conquistare attualmente un consenso crescente nel mondo occidentale. Dunque, Gesù è davvero esistito? Bart D. Ehrman, autorevole storico della Chiesa delle origini, affronta apertamente la domanda e prende in considerazione le prove che gli scettici più radicali portano a discredito della storicità di Gesù, analizzandole e confutandole in maniera rigorosa fino a costruire un'indagine dettagliata, condotta con la precisione a cui Ehrman ha abituato i suoi lettori.

Questa nuova edizione della celebre opera di Bruce M. Metzger, interamente rielaborata, si presenta come il manuale attualmente più aggiornato di introduzione alla critica del testo del Nuovo Testamento. Al rifacimento del classico di Metzger ha collaborato Bart D. Ehrman, noto anche in Italia per i suoi studi innovativi sul testo e la trasmissione degli scritti neotestamentari. L'opera di revisione ha riguardato sia aspetti di primo piano della ricerca sui manoscritti greci più antichi, sia problemi di metodo della critica del testo secondo i risultati della ricerca più recente. In particolare si sono presi in esame anche nuovi ambiti di interesse, ad esempio l'uso della tecnologia informatica per la raccolta e la valutazione dei testimoni testuali così come lo studio degli effetti che l'ambiente sociale e ideologico esercitò sull'attività e sull'opera degli amanuensi. Grazie alla soppressione di materiali che sono parsi marginali per i lettori di oggi, si è ricavato spazio per inserire indispensabili aggiornamenti bibliografici e informazioni più esaurienti sulla produzione e trascrizione dei libri nell'antichità e sulla storia della trasmissione del testo neotestamentario.

Bart D. Ehrman, the New York Times bestselling author of Jesus, Interrupted and God?s Problem reveals which books in the Bible?s New Testament were not passed down by Jesus?s disciples, but were instead forged by other hands?and why this centuries-hidden scandal is far more significant than many scholars are willing to admit. A controversial work of historical reporting in the tradition of Elaine Pagels, Marcus Borg, and John Dominic Crossan, Ehrman?s Forged delivers a stunning explication of one of the most substantial?yet least discussed?problems confronting the world of biblical scholarship.

Defends the idea that Jesus was an actual historical figure and attempts to distinguish the actual man from the Christian God.

Falsi vangeli, false lettere, false apocalissi, anche fra i libri del Nuovo Testamento, impiegati come armi per affermare alcune convinzioni religiose o per contrastarne altre. In questo nuovo volume Bart D. Ehrman ci conduce in un viaggio nei primi quattro secoli dell'era cristiana, mettendo in luce un altro aspetto di quella 'battaglia per le Sacre Scritture' di cui aveva già delineato i contorni nei Cristianesimi perduti: la pratica della contraffazione. Una storia di fede, dunque, ma soprattutto di libri falsi e di falsi apostoli, di imposture patenti e di mezze verità sullo sfondo turbolento e affascinante dei primi secoli cristiani.

In questo libro Ehrman offre un quadro interessante delle prime forme di cristianesimo e mostra come alla fine esse vennero soppresse, riformate o dimenticate. Tutti questi gruppi sostenevano di seguire gli insegnamenti di Gesù e dei suoi apostoli e tutti si fondavano su scritti che convalidavano le loro affermazioni, libri attribuiti ai seguaci stessi di Gesù. L'indagine archeologica moderna ha recuperato un certo numero di testi-chiave e queste scoperte spettacolari, come mostra Ehrman, rivelano una grande diversità religiosa. L'autore prende in esame varie 'Scritture perdute', nonché le fedi di sette come gli Ebioniti giudeo-cristiani, i Marcioniti anti-ebraici e vari gruppi gnostici.

The Human Story Behind the Divine Book

In this New York Times bestseller, leading Bible expert Bart Ehrman skillfully demonstrates that the New Testament is riddled with contradictory views about who Jesus was and the significance of his life. Ehrman reveals that many of the books were written in the names of the apostles by Christians living decades later, and that central Christian doctrines were the inventions of still later theologians. Although this has been the standard and widespread view of scholars for two centuries, most people have never learned of it.

Jesus, Interrupted is a clear and compelling account of the central challenges we have when attempting to reconstruct the life and meaning of Jesus.

The Human Story Behind the Divine Book

In this New York Times bestseller, leading Bible expert Bart Ehrman skillfully demonstrates that the New Testament is riddled with contradictory views about who Jesus was and the significance of his life. Ehrman reveals that many of the books were written in the names of the apostles by Christians living decades later, and that central Christian doctrines were the inventions of still later theologians. Although this has been the standard and widespread view of scholars for two centuries, most people have never learned of it.

Jesus, Interrupted is a clear and compelling account of the central challenges we have when attempting to reconstruct the life and meaning of Jesus.

Rinvenuto per caso nel 1978 nella provincia egiziana di Al Minia, il Vangelo di Giuda costituisce l'unica testimonianza del singolarissimo rapporto fra Gesù e il suo 'tredicesimo' e vituperato apostolo. A differenza dei racconti di Matteo, Luca, Marco o Giovanni, quello che porta il nome di Giuda Iscariota, classificato tra i vangeli cosiddetti 'gnostici', si concentra solo sugli ultimi giorni di Gesù, sui suoi incontri e sulle sue conversazioni con i discepoli, ai quali annuncia le imperscrutabili verità che conducono alla salvezza. Attraverso un puntuale confronto sia con i quattro vangeli del Nuovo Testamento sia con altri testi gnostici (come il Vangelo di Tommaso), Bart D. Ehrman illustra e commenta le numerose peculiarità di questo straordinario documento. Oltre a un'insolita descrizione dei dodici apostoli - individui timorosi e insicuri, con un'opinione di Dio talmente erronea da renderli sordi al messaggio di Gesù -, è la figura stessa di Cristo ad assumere connotati inediti: per la prima volta, infatti, il Figlio di Dio è rappresentato nell'atto di ridere, e proprio dell'incapacità degli apostoli di cogliere il vero significato delle sue parole, quasi a sottolineare la distanza tra loro e Giuda, il discepolo eletto, al quale rivolge la frase più pregnante: 'Tu sarai maggiore tra loro. Perché sacrificherai l'uomo che mi riveste'.

Picking up where Bible expert Bart Ehrman's New York Times bestseller Misquoting Jesus left off, Jesus, Interrupted addresses the larger issue of what the New Testament actually teaches—and it's not what most people think. Here Ehrman reveals what scholars have unearthed:

• The authors of the New Testament have diverging views about who Jesus was and how salvation works
• The New Testament contains books that were forged in the names of the apostles by Christian writers who lived decades later
• Jesus, Paul, Matthew, and John all represented fundamentally different religions
• Established Christian doctrines—such as the suffering messiah, the divinity of Jesus, and the trinity—were the inventions of still later theologians

These are not idiosyncratic perspectives of just one modern scholar. As Ehrman skillfully demonstrates, they have been the standard and widespread views of critical scholars across a full spectrum of denominations and traditions. Why is it most people have never heard such things? This is the book that pastors, educators, and anyone interested in the Bible have been waiting for—a clear and compelling account of the central challenges we face when attempting to reconstruct the life and message of Jesus.

A professor of religious studies and former conservative Christian describes the painful dissolution of his faith as remembered in Misquoting Jesus, in a scholarly evaluation that explores the nature of a God who allows suffering and the Bible's often contradictory perspectives on suffering. Reprint. 50,000 first printing.

€ 16,10

For 1,600 years its message lay hidden. When the bound papyrus pages of this lost gospel finally reached scholars who could unlock its meaning, they were astounded. Here was a gospel that had not been seen since the early days of Christianity, and which few experts had even thought existed–a gospel told from the perspective of Judas Iscariot, history's ultimate traitor. And far from being a villain, the Judas that emerges in its pages is a hero.

In this radical reinterpretation, Jesus asks Judas to betray him. In contrast to the New Testament Gospels, Judas Iscariot is presented as a role model for all those who wish to be disciples of Jesus and is the one apostle who truly understands Jesus.

Discovered by farmers in the 1970s in Middle Egypt, the codex containing the gospel was bought and sold by antiquities traders, secreted away, and carried across three continents, all the while suffering damage that reduced much of it to fragments. In 2001, it finally found its way into the hands of a team of experts who would painstakingly reassemble and restore it. The Gospel of Judas has been translated from its original Coptic to clear prose, and is accompanied by commentary that explains its fascinating history in the context of the early Church, offering a whole new way of understanding the message of Jesus Christ.

Che cosa ci dice il Nuovo Testamento dei tre più noti discepoli di Gesù Cristo? Quali sono le leggende su di loro nate e diffuse nel corso dei secoli? Pietro fu veramente crocifisso a testa in giù? Maria Maddalena era una prostituta? Paolo era davvero calvo e con le gambe arcuate? In questo saggio, Bart D. Ehrman, una delle massime autorità mondiali nel campo degli studi biblici, distingue nettamente tra fatti e credenze, presentando con chiarezza ed efficacia i complessi problemi storiografici che emergono dalla tradizione legata a questi tre personaggi. Scopriamo, così, che non esiste alcuna fonte attendibile che attesti che Maria Maddalena fosse una prostituta o che si sia unita in matrimonio con Gesù Cristo. Allo stesso modo, non esiste nessuna prova sicura sulla forma del martirio di Pietro né sull'aspetto fisico e sulle presunte capacità soprannaturali di Paolo che, secondo Ehrman, sono il frutto di leggende volte ad accrescere il valore della predicazione del santo.

'Chi è senza peccato scagli la prima pietra' è forse una delle citazioni evangeliche più conosciute anche da chi non ha mai studiato il Nuovo Testamento, ma quanti sanno che l'intero episodio della lapidazione dell'adultera è dovuto a un copista e non apparteneva al testo originale del vangelo di Giovanni? Come afferma Bart D. Ehrman, un esperto di studi biblici, errori, varianti e modifiche sono la regola nella lunga e complessa storia che ha portato dalla stesura dei primi vangeli al testo che si leggono oggi. Ehrman conduce il grande pubblico nel misterioso mondo della critica testuale dei vangeli, alla ricerca dell'autentica parola di Dio.

On best-seller lists nationwide: New York Times, USA Today, Publishers Weekly, and the Washington Post.

This compelling and exhaustively researched account reveals the truth behind one of the greatest Judeo Christian archaeology of the century?a 1,600-year-old papyrus manuscript, or codex, containing the only known surviving Gospel of Judas. With all the skills of an investigative journalist and master storyteller, Herbert Krosney traces the forgotten gospel's improbable journey from the sands of the Egyptian desert across three continents?a trek that would take it through the netherworld of the international antiquities trade?until the crumbling papyrus is finally made to give up its secrets.

Sold twice, lost once and hidden in a safe-deposit box in Long Island for sixteen years, the story of The Gospel of Judas's amazing trek from the cavern near the banks of the Nile River reads like a 'plot from a Hollywood mystery.' Was one of history's greatest villains really one of its greatest heroes? Was Judas Iscariot really Jesus Christ's betrayer? With the discovery of the 1,600-year-old Gospel, you can now decide for yourself.

For almost 1,500 years, the New Testament manuscripts were copied by hand––and mistakes and intentional changes abound in the competing manuscript versions. Religious and biblical scholar Bart Ehrman makes the provocative case that many of our widely held beliefs concerning the divinity of Jesus, the Trinity, and the divine origins of the Bible itself are the results of both intentional and accidental alterations by scribes.

In this compelling and fascinating book, Ehrman shows where and why changes were made in our earliest surviving manuscripts, explaining for the first time how the many variations of our cherished biblical stories came to be, and why only certain versions of the stories qualify for publication in the Bibles we read today. Ehrman frames his account with personal reflections on how his study of the Greek manuscripts made him abandon his once ultra–conservative views of the Bible.

For 1,600 years its message lay hidden. When the bound papyrus pages of this lost gospel finally reached scholars who could unlock its meaning, they were astounded. Here was a gospel that had not been seen since the early days of Christianity, and which few experts had even thought existed–a gospel told from the perspective of Judas Iscariot, history's ultimate traitor. And far from being a villain, the Judas that emerges in its pages is a hero.
In this radical reinterpretation, Jesus asks Judas to betray him. In contrast to the New Testament Gospels, Judas Iscariot is presented as a role model for all those who wish to be disciples of Jesus. He is the one apostle who truly understands Jesus.

This volume is the first publication of the remarkable gospel since it was condemned as heresy by early Church leaders, most notably by St. Irenaeus, in 180. Hidden away in a cavern in Middle Egypt, the codex (or book) containing the gospel was discovered by farmers in the 1970s. In the intervening years the papyrus codex was bought and sold by antiquities traders, hidden away, and carried across three continents, all the while suffering damage that reduced much of it to fragments. In 2001, it finally found its way into the hands of a team of experts who would painstakingly reassemble and restore it.
The Gospel of Judas has been translated from its original Coptic in clear prose, and is accompanied by commentary that explains its fascinating history in the context of the early Church, offering a whole new way of understanding the message of Jesus Christ.

When world-class biblical scholar Bart Ehrman first began to study the texts of the Bible in their original languages he was startled to discover the multitude of mistakes and intentional alterations that had been made by earlier translators. In Misquoting Jesus, Ehrman tells the story behind the mistakes and changes that ancient scribes made to the New Testament and shows the great impact they had upon the Bible we use today. He frames his account with personal reflections on how his study of the Greek manuscripts made him abandon his once ultraconservative views of the Bible.

Since the advent of the printing press and the accurate reproduction of texts, most people have assumed that when they read the New Testament they are reading an exact copy of Jesus's words or Saint Paul's writings. And yet, for almost fifteen hundred years these manuscripts were hand copied by scribes who were deeply influenced by the cultural, theological, and political disputes of their day. Both mistakes and intentional changes abound in the surviving manuscripts, making the original words difficult to reconstruct. For the first time, Ehrman reveals where and why these changes were made and how scholars go about reconstructing the original words of the New Testament as closely as possible.

Ehrman makes the provocative case that many of our cherished biblical stories and widely held beliefs concerning the divinity of Jesus, the Trinity, and the divine origins of the Bible itself stem from both intentional and accidental alterations by scribes -- alterations that dramatically affected all subsequent versions of the Bible.

The writings of the Apostolic Fathers give a rich and diverse picture of Christian life and thought in the period immediately after New Testament times. Some of them were accorded almost Scriptural authority in the early Church. This new Loeb edition of these essential texts reflects current idiom and the latest scholarship.

Here are the Letters of Ignatius, bishop of Antioch, among the most famous documents of early Christianity; these letters, addressing core theological questions, were written to a half dozen different congregations while Ignatius was en route to Rome as a prisoner, condemned to die in the wild-beast arena. Also in this collection is a letter to the Philippian church by Polycarp, bishop of Smyrna and friend of Ignatius, as well as an account of Polycarp's martyrdom. There are several kinds of texts in the Apostolic Fathers collection, representing different religious outlooks. The manual called the Didache sets forth precepts for religious instruction, worship, and ministry. The Epistle of Barnabas searches the Old Testament, the Jewish Bible, for testimony in support of Christianity and against Judaism. Probably the most widely read in the early Christian centuries was The Shepherd of Hermas, a book of revelations that develops a doctrine of repentance.

The writings of the Apostolic Fathers give a rich and diverse picture of Christian life and thought in the period immediately after New Testament times. Some of them were accorded almost Scriptural authority in the early Church. This new Loeb edition of these essential texts reflects current idiom and the latest scholarship.

Here are the Letters of Ignatius, bishop of Antioch, among the most famous documents of early Christianity; these letters, addressing core theological questions, were written to a half dozen different congregations while Ignatius was en route to Rome as a prisoner, condemned to die in the wild-beast arena. Also in this collection is a letter to the Philippian church by Polycarp, bishop of Smyrna and friend of Ignatius, as well as an account of Polycarp's martyrdom. There are several kinds of texts in the Apostolic Fathers collection, representing different religious outlooks. The manual called the Didache sets forth precepts for religious instruction, worship, and ministry. The Epistle of Barnabas searches the Old Testament, the Jewish Bible, for testimony in support of Christianity and against Judaism. Probably the most widely read in the early Christian centuries was The Shepherd of Hermas, a book of revelations that develops a doctrine of repentance.