This book looks at the visual and performing arts of the world's societies, examining such issues as the origin of art, the ultimate nature of art, and the theoretical basis of art's role in human affairs. Anderson focuses on ten diverse societies, noting the similarities and differences found in these and other traditional aesthetic systems. The author examines San Aesthetics: The Enhancement of Life in a Foraging Society, Inuit Aesthetics: Art as Transformer of Realities, Aboriginal Australian Aesthetics: Sacramental Union with the Eternal Dreamtime, Aesthetics of the Sepik: Powerful Spirits and Phallic Aggression in New Guinea, Navajo Aesthetics: A Unity of Art and Life, Yoruba Aesthetics: Goodness and Beauty in West Africa, Aztec Aesthetics: Flower and Song, Aesthetics in Early India: “Rasa” and the Theory of Transcendental Enjoyment, Japanese Aesthetics: An Exultation of Beauty and Bliss, Western Aesthetics: A Quartet of Traditions, Comparative Aesthetics: The Many Faces of the Muse, Art as Culturally Significant Meaning, Style, Feeling, and Skill and Western Aesthetics in Cross-cultural perspective. For individuals interested in a comparative study of philosophies of art.

Why did the wave of democracy that swept the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe starting more than a decade ago develop in ways unexpected by observers who relied on existing theories of democracy? In Postcommunism and the Theory of Democracy, four distinguished scholars conduct the first major assessment of democratization theory in light of the experience of postcommunist states. Richard Anderson, Steven Fish, Stephen Hanson, and Philip Roeder not only apply theory to practice, but using a wealth of empirical evidence, draw together the elements of existing theory into new syntheses.

The authors each highlight a development in postcommunist societies that reveals an anomaly or lacuna in existing theory. They explain why authoritarian leaders abandon authoritarianism, why democratization sometimes reverses course, how subjects become citizens by beginning to take sides in politics, how rulers become politicians by beginning to seek popular support, and not least, how democracy becomes consolidated. Rather than converging on a single approach, each author shows how either a rationalist, institutionalist, discursive, or Weberian approach sheds light on this transformation.

They conclude that the experience of postcommunist democracy demands a rethinking of existing theory. To that end, they offer rich new insights to scholars, advanced students, policymakers, and anyone interested in postcommunist states or in comparative democratization.